This feature of the Ionic order made it more pliant and satisfactory than the Doric to critical eyes in the 4th century BC: angling the volutes on the corner columns, ensured that they "read" equally when seen from either front or side facade. Originally the volutes lay in a single plane then it was seen that they could be angled out on the corners. Or a swag of fruit and flowers may swing from the clefts formed by the volutes, or from their "eyes." Below the volutes, the Ionic column may have a wide collar or banding separating the capital from the fluted shaft, as at Castle Coole. Capital - The major features of the Ionic order are the volutes of its capital, which have been the subject of much theoretical and practical discourse, based on a brief and obscure passage inVitruvius. The only tools required were a straight-edge, a right angle, string (to establish half-lengths) and a compass. The Ionic columns normally stand on a base which separates the shaft of the column from the stylobate or platform The cap is usually enriched with egg-and-dart. The Ionic capital is characterized by the use of volutes. (There are two lesser orders, the stocky Tuscan order and the rich variant of Corinthian, the Composite order, added by 16th-century Italian architectural theory and practice.) The Ionic order (Greek: Ιωνικός ρυθμός) forms one of the three orders or organizational systems of classical architecture, the other two canonic orders being the Doric and the Corinthian.
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